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    •   Activated-carbon purifiers use a carbon source, such as granulated charcoal, that is “activated” by heating the granules—a process that removes impurities in the carbon source and leaves behind open pores that trap impurities in the air (or in the water of an aquarium). Because activated-carbon doesn’t clear many odors, toxins or other chemicals, the carbon filter is often mixed with a mineral, such as Zeolite clay, which handily clears these molecules out of the air.

    •   HEPA filters (High Efficiency Particulate Arresting filters) use a special technology that, by the U.S. Department of Energy standards, must filter 99.97% of pollutants greater than 0.3 microns in size. The technology involves a fan-folded filter made from a mat of fibers on one side of the filter and a polymer coating on the other side. Because smaller items can be missed, HEPA filters often employ chemical adsorption techniques (below) or activated-carbon that is often sandwiched inside the filter. This way both larger particles and some toxins or odors can be removed together.

    •   UV purifiers use specific bands of UVC radiation that are designed to disrupt the DNA and therefore kill microorganisms. UV purifiers aren’t... Sign-up Above to Read More!

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